Twenty-nine recommendations were in the form of expert opinion recommendations due to the low evidences in the literature. ![]() Six of these recommendations had a high level of evidence (GRADE 1±) and six had a low level of evidence (GRADE 2±). After two rounds of discussion and various amendments, a strong consensus was reached for all recommendations. Ethanol and chemical poisoning were excluded from the scope of these recommendations. ![]() The SRLF-SFMU guideline panel provided 41 statements concerning the management of pharmaceutical and recreational drug poisoning. Analysis of the literature and formulation of recommendations were then conducted according to the GRADE ® methodology. Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) questions were reviewed and updated as needed, and evidence profiles were generated. MethodsĪ committee composed of 30 experts from five scientific societies, the Société de Réanimation de Langue Française (SRLF), the Société Française de Médecine d’Urgence (SFMU), the Société de Toxicologie Clinique (STC), the Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique (SFTA) and the Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et d’Urgences Pédiatriques (GFRUP) evaluated eight fields: (1) severity assessment and initial triage (2) diagnostic approach and role of toxicological analyses (3) supportive care (4) decontamination (5) elimination enhancement (6) place of antidotes (7) specificities related to recreational drug poisoning and (8) characteristics of cardiotoxicant poisoning. Major progress has also been made in analytical screening and assays, enabling the clinicians to rapidly obtain a definite diagnosis. A large number of epidemiological changes have occurred over the last years such as the exponential growth of new synthetic psychoactive substances. Poisoning is one of the leading causes of admission to the emergency department and intensive care unit.
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